Apparatus for producing series of signs.



A. G. DAMM.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SERIES OF SIGNS.

APPLICATION FILED .IULY 21,19I5.

Patented July 10, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET I.

IQIT IEIEIEI W iISIQIFKI I IQ A. G. DAMM.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SERIES OF SIGNS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21,1915.

Patented July 10, 1917.

5 SHEETSSHEET 2.

A. G. DAMM.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SERIES OF SIGNS.-

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2|. I915- Patented July 10, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3- G. DAMM. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SERIES OF SIGNS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21, 1915- 13335035. Patented July 10, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

A. G. DAIVIM. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SERIES OF SIGNS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2|, I9I5.

Patented July 10, 1917.

5 SHEETS-:SHEET 5- Leashes] i VARVID GERHARD DAM-M, OF:=STOCKI-IOLM, SWEDEN.

T0 aZZ whom it may concern a citizen of the Kingdom of Sweden, residing at Stockholm, Swedem'have' invented new and usefullmprovements in Apparatus for Producing SeriesotSigns, the indiwhich are arbitrarily d1's-' vidual signs" of posed as compared to their 'positions within'- a standard 'seriesfof which the following is a specificatlon. l. a 1 7 Theobjectot the present invention-is to produce series of signs the real meaning oi which will be protected tromheing iound' out by an unrighttul scrutinizer, evenin the case of his having an unlimited number of such series of signs" at his disposal; The principle otthe invention resides 111 that the suhstitution'of the signs of a certain-series- (for inst; a certain textyhy other signs is efl'fectu'atedby means ottwo'or more mutation' series (commonly called keya-s) these series cooperating and chosenand one o-fthese is possiblyidentical withtheoriginalseries ofsigns (text), l In the accompanying drawings 1 have 5 shown so-me embodiments of my; invention, The apparatus or devices shown are specially being" arbitrarily designed to produce ciphers. Some ofthe fi ures are dia rammatic'in so far ascertain non-essential details havebe'en omitted, for instance covers bearings and so on, certain details being moreoveryin order to make the,

figures clearer,- shown in positions slightly difierent from their: real OIlQSKFIgHIG-S -1'8 show one constructional form in end view, front elevation and in detail respectively Figs. 1 and 2 show in'end View and front elevation, a modificatioirofthe device-shown in Figs. 1 and 2. structional direction of the arrow in Fig.

from above and from oneend." Fig 8 shows a fourth formjof construction-inn side view, where certain details are broken and omitted. Fig. 91' shows a "section,

above andFig; 11 from underneath some er; the details'of this last m'entioned 'forml 5' 7 Referring to -1-3 2' indicates a' cylin der 'and'S- a disk, hoth'rigidly secured to The circumference of the disk main axle 1.

arranlarus roarnoianonve seams of SIGNS.

l ig. at shows an thercon-" form seen from above, and Fig.1 5 the same inside elevationviewed in'the v Figs 6" and 7 show-"a thirdconstructionaleform'seen Fig. 10 a view. from a f rt i ab Le flets/a g Patented m .0, 191%;

Application filed nn a 1915i serial ze; 411105. i

the number of which. is arbitrary and which are marked with. the letters of an alphabet in, the ordinary or any other conventional order. The'curved surface of the cylinder 2-is', bylines parallel to its axle; d-ivided intf') the same number- 0f field s as the circumfer- 7 (i0 subdivided into an arbitrarynu1nber of ence of disk Theselongitudinal fields are squares A by meansof circles (in he P' j instance ,lIl 10, the curved surface of" the" drum or cylinde'r thus containing 10 times as ma nyfields'a's the'circumference ofldisk 3;) Eachsquare ofithe cylinder-2 mmarked witlrasign corresponding-to one? ofthe row of. squares "these. signs,- if counted from Cl 1Sl 3, fOllOW"lI l the same or'der as do the signs on disk Bywhen counted"an ound its circumference in one and the same 1 direction; longitudinal rm f of squares on thedrumjadvance one step comparedwith the signs in an adjacent roW I and conseqi'iently' diagonal-rowsii of fields,

each rovjvfshowingone. and the same Sign; will be formed on the drum,asis shown in" Fig; 3. "Instead of lettersjany signsffigiires" or types, differently shaped, and "sized holes; etc., may occupy the fields or squaresof cyl' Around ,bothends' of the cylinder 2 loose ringse, 6, 'whicNmay he Moreover the signs 3 in any inder; and disk.

signs on 'disk '3; Within each longitudinal turned independently of the claim; are dis-Q posed, each- "ring inniovahly",fixed to a ratchetfiwheel 7 -and sy respcave1y: "By1* means ofsome simple airangement, not shown in the drawings, these ratclietwv'heels 1 and rings are'rigidly united so toffonh s' 5,(3, 7%81 Each ratchet wheel has' the same n mber: of

a movable whole, comprising par teeth as the circumference'of thedisk3 has fields or squares,

the teethxof the wheels be ing turned :in oppositedirections (Fig! 1); Each ratchet wheel may be operated by -"a ratchet 9 or '10 respectively"which, being fixed onacommon axle 11, are adjusted so as never to come simultaneouslyfinto gear" with both wheels, in whatever way the. axle 11 he turned. The hearing 01: the axle; he;

ingai'ranged' on a part la, which may be'f made'fito' swing about the mainaxle 1,' the" 1 one or the 'oth1'of--[the' i'atc lhets and 10: may be made to turn'its ratchetwheel 'ini one direction. The turning of axle 11, in order to put either ratchet 9 or 10 into gear, is efi'ectuated by means of a link 13, attached by a pin stud to one of the ratchets, for in-' stance 9, the link 13 being also connected with a lever 24. This lever is fixed on an axle 22, the bearing of which is arranged on an arm 23 mentioned.

The axle 22 carries another lever 21, in-

joined to the part 14, already fluenced by a link chain 19 driven by aprism 18. This prism is loose onthe shaft 1 and is fixed to a toothed wheel 27 likewise the link 13,

l I wheels 7 and 8 being. also driven one tooth I ratchet. Wheel 29.

driven by a ratchet "31 a stop-part V order to limit the swinging motion of each lever in one direction. Said stop-partt ay and is followed loose on the shaftl and in gear with anothersuch wheel 28, the latter one fixed to a This ratchet wheel is which may be made to swing moving the, lever '31 forward and backward in such an angle as will permit the ratchet 30 each time to catch a new :tooth of the ratchet wheel 29. The levers 14 and 31 may i be attached for instance by means of springs 34 to one and the same part 32, which part is movable in directions indicated by arrows 25 and 26, (Fig; 1), either by hand or by means ofan eccentric, contrivance, andmay be guided in any suit able manner by the casing (not shown) of Between both levers 14 and the apparatus.

12 is immovablyfplaced, in

be secured to the casing of the apparatus. 7

This arrangement serves to prevent the parts 5, 6, 7, and 8 mentioned before. and the chain 19 from changing their positions simmultaneously.

. Some links of this chain carry protruding knobs 20, which, following the movement of the chain, will come in contact with and lift the. lever 21, thus turning the axle 22. This will cause the lever 24 to move the ratchets 9 and 10 by means of 1 by full lines, tothose shown by dotted lines, thus putting the. ratchet 9 out of and the ratchet 10 in gear with its wheel. If, a link with a knob 20 is those shown in Fig.

. carried away from under the lever. 21, when the prism 18 turns up a new link of the chain, a by a flat link without a knob, theparts 21, 13, 24, will, ,on account of their own weight, move into the position. shown in Fig. 1 by full lines, and a new change will take place in the positions of ratchets 9 and 10. Thus, the part 32 being swung in both directions 25 and 26 sufliciently far,- the chain 19 will be driven always in the same direction the length of one link, the ratchet:

in the one or other direction, according as the one or the. other of the ratchets 9and10 is in gear with its wheel, V

der; The

30 carried by a lever 31" about an axle 33 carrying also both wheels 28 and 29.:

Consequently the prism 18 may be turned by:

crank or some similar changing their positions from opening 1 7 in the band 16,

i the band, determined Around the cylinder 2 an endless flexible band or sheet 16 is led. A series of holes 36 near each border of the band enables the it in position by By means of the, apparatus. described above an original .series of signs can be changed in the following manner. -T-he disk 3, which may be placed outside the casing of In otherrespects the openings a 2),- in size and form correspondthe apparatus and the drum 2 are turned" till that of the signs of the disk 3 responds to the first sign of the ries comes into alinement with observation (marked by the rectangular space at in Figsp2 and 3'), which may in reality bean aperture in the cover of the apparatus. forward and backward, causing the band 16 to be transported one step in the one or the original seother direction relatively. to the drum, so

that oneof the-openings 17 uncovers one signion the drum within the fieldof obser- VZLtlOIL, This sign is then substituted for the firstsign of the original series. The disk drum 2 are thereupon turned until 3 and the a 7 that of'the signs of the disk 3, which corresponds tothe second sign of the original se ries comes into alinement with the field of observation and then the part 32 is again moved once forward and backward. The band is thereby again moved one step in one direction or the other so that another one d uncovers a of the openings 17 of the ban sign of the drum 2 within the'field of observation. This sign isthen substituted for thesecond sign'of the original series.

The same operations are repeated for each sign of the original serie a Which of the. signs in a longitudinal row of the drum that will be the field of observation, will, as is easily con ceived, depend upon two factors, viz: 1, the

accidental position of this opening on the band, and 2, the direction ofmovementof by the chain- 19. Thev arrangement of the openingsl? in the band as well as of the different links of the chain 19 may represent arbitrarily chosenseriesof figures, for instance, as regards the chain,"

by letting the odd figures of any number,

say of "831452, determine the number of flat links without knobs following one another,

which cor-.-

Then the part 32 is moved once;

visibile through an falling within high links with knobs following one another, these numbers of fiat and higl links disposed alternatively within the chain. Evidently the Substitution of other signs for those of the original series by means of the above apparatus will depend on the simultaneous influence of two series of signs. The combination and cooperation of these latter seriesbeing arbitrary, it is also evident that the signs of the resulting series substituted will be arbitrarily placed as'compared to their respective places within the chosen standard series. t r 1 A combined influence of two or more mutation series may be obtained in the following way, reference being hadto Figs. 1 and 2 which show a slight modification of the device illustrated in Figs. land 2. V The reference characters used'in the last mentioned figures, are used in Figs. 1 and 22 to indicate the same or corresponding parts. I

The lever 31 is as in Figs. 1 and 2 adapted to operate by means of the ratchet 30, the ratchet wheel 29 and the toothed wheel 28, which is rigidly connected with said ratchet wheel and meshes with the toothed wheel 27 loose onthe shaft 1 and rigidly secured to "the prism 18 serving to drlve the chain 19,

some links of which have protruding knobs. 20. This chain actuates the lever 21 and thus the lever 2d rigidly connected to the lever 21 through the axle 22 which latter may be secured to the casing of the apparatus or any other stationary part thereof. The lever 2 f is by means of a link 13 connected with one of two ratchets 30 and 30 rigidly connected to each other and journaled on an axle 30 fixed inthe lever 31 and in a lever 31 forming together a fork which is journaled on the axle33. For each of said ratchets 30 and 30? is provided a ratchet wheel 29 and 29 respectively, said ratchet wheels being loose on the axle 33 and rigidly secured to each other. 7 The teeth of the wheels are turned in opposite directions and the ratchets are so arranged that they can never come simultaneously in gear with both ratchet wheels. Rigidly secured to the latter is a toothed wheel 28 which meshes with a toothed wheel 27 loose on the shaft 1 and serving to drive a chain 19*, some of the links of which have protruding knobs 20". This chain actuates'a lever 21 fixed to an axle 22, which is fixed in the arm 23 integral with the lever 1%,. Fixed to said axle 22 is another lever 2615 which, by the link 13 is connected to one offthe ratchet-s 9 and operating the ratchet wheels 7 and 8 respectively in the manner described with reference to Figs 1 and 2.

hen the part 32 is moved once forward and backwardas described above, the ratchet.

30 willcause the chain, 19 to be moved so as to engageby anew link the lever 21. Ac cording, as this linkis a flat one or one having a protrudingknob theratchet or 30 will engage the corresponding ratchet wheel 29 or 29%, whereby the chain 19 by means of the parts, 28, 27 and 18 will be moved seas to bring another link into en gagement with the lever 21. According as thislink is a i t one or one having a knob 20 the 10' to engage the corresponding, ratchet wheel '1 or 8, sothat the band 16 will be moved one step. in one direction or theother. The direction of movement of the band-l6 thus dependsupon the cooperation of the two chains, each representing an arbitrary series of figures or mutation series, uncovering of a sign on the drum 2 is thus determinedby the cooperation or combined influence of three mutationseries, represented bythetwo chains 19 and19? and the band 16. It willnow be easily understood that a combined infiuenceof four mutation series or more will bereached only by increasing the number of cha ns.

differs from that describedabove chiefly by several of the parts being in the shape of plane, disks or disks with approximately plane surfaces, which renders the apparatus. less spac ous andin some regards facilitates,

the manipulation A special advantage is, that some parts may be made out of trans parent material, whereby a su1table'arrange ment of artificial light for reading 01f inthe Moreover the party its inner circumference forming a common toothed gear 3 8, This disk 37 in some-suita ble way. supports another ring-shaped. disk 10, the rotation ofeither ,disk being independent of that of the other one. The outer circumference of the disk 40 is formed into teeth all being in gear with a toothed wheel 43," arbitrarily movable by a crank 12, by whichmeans the disk 410 may be, turned as desired.

The upper surface of disk l O with all signs composing thestandard series chosen, .(in the present case an alphabet), ar" ranged ;1n radlal rows. The number, of

radial rows is the same asthe number of.

signs ofthe standard series,e ach row conta n ng an arb trary numberof'slgns, for instance 10, the signs of each row being, alphaleverZflFwill cause the ratchet 9 or.

The apparatus shown in'Figs. l and 5 and the betically,advanced one step as compared different distances fromthe center 44.

' in a certain row V 'specti-vely Fig.

to those of the nextrow, Which causes the outmost signs of-all rows'to form a circle containing all the signs, following one another in the order of the standard series chosen, an arrangement, the purposeof' which will be shown to correspond exactly to that of the-signs on disk 3 in Figs. 2 and 3. The disk 37 by means of its teeth 38 is in gear, with a changeabletoothed wheel 45, revolving around an axle 44 and to which is fixed a disk46. In this last-mentioned disk a number of openings 47 are arranged in The size of these openings corresponds to the Space occupied by each'sign in the radial rows on disk 40, and moreover the disposition of the apertures is such, as always to bring one of them exactly in line with the centers of the disks 40 and 46. Whenever disk 37 is turned angle corresponding to one tooth 39, the straight line through the center marks the field of observationunderneath an aperture in the cover of the apparatus, through'which the result is read oil. Thus one ofthe signs 7 on disk '40, occasionally placed-on this line will be visible through an opening 47 in the disk 46.

The intermittent rotation of the disks 37 and 46 is eiiectuated by means of two studwheels 48, 49, the studs 50 and 51 of which may alternatively be brought into gear with the teeth 39 of the disk 37, segments 52 and 53 in the usual way serving to keep the star- ;wheel 39 in rest'when both studs are out of gear. Each stud-wheel is sliding on and forced to revolve together with its axle 54 and 55 respectivel may be carried out in different well known ways. The axles 54' and 55 areperpendicularly disposed relatively to the plane of the disks 37 and 46. The naves of the studwheels have annular grooves 56 and 57 re- 5, into which grooves each .end of a doub e-armed lever '59, with its center of movementat 58, is entering. Conse-' quently when one of the stud-wheel'sv slides upward along its axle, the other one slides downward. On thea'xle 54a toothed wheel "60 is fixed, in gear with another'such wheel 61 on the axle 55, this latter axle also carrying a toothed wheel 62 in gear with a wheel 63' on an axle 64. To the toothed wheel 63 is fixed-a prism 651(F-ig. 4) which serves to some suitable means. Some of the links of this chain have I protruding segments 67 (Fig. 5), destined to lift a disk 68, fixed to the nave of the stud wheel 49, and consequently to put this studwheel into gear with the disk 37. Simultaneously the stud wheel 48 will get out of f gear, slidingdownw'ard and'compres'sing a- 54. When,

screw spring 69' around the axle onthe other hand, a segment link 67 of the chain, driven around by the-prism 65,- is

" gear 43', placing the in either-direction at an an arrangement which The same ter resulting,

igeeaoss contact with-disk 68, and is stance by turning a crank fixed on the axle" 54-or 55.- p

The apparatus shown in Figs. 4 and 5 .is

used in the following manner for changing an original series into another series of s1gns, the indlvidual signs of which are arbitrarilydisposed as compared to their 'p ositions within a standard series- First the disk 40'isbrought into the po sition required by means of the crank 42 and radial row of signs, the first sign of which, nearest'to the circumference, corresponds to-the casual signof the original series to be "changed, onthe line of" observation. In the present example (Fig. 4) the "sign in'question is a. Then the axle 54'or 55'is turned exactly one revolution which causes the disk 37 to" movezthe length of one tooth in the one or the other direction, of two stud-wheels 48" and 49 is in gear with the said disk, thisfinally depending on,

whether the disk 68', sliding on its axle 55,

is lifted "by one of the segment links of the 'When the disk 46 is turned one tooth, the gears 38, and 45 will cause the disk 46 to turn part of a revolution and place one ofthe openings47 on the line of chain 66 or not.

observation,- thus uncoveringone sign in the underlying row ofsigns on the disk 40, in

the present example the letter (Z, which is then substituted for the original" letter .a. manipulations, are repeated for every succeeding letter.

;In everyspecialcase, the substituted letwill-,- according to the above description of the apparatus, shown in Figs.

4 and 5, be the resultof two cooperating flat link, this will permit the put the stud-wheel 49 out. disk. -The rotation according as the one or the other factors, exactly as isthe case when using the apparatus shown'in Figs. 1 3 viz: 1', the disposition-of the openings'47 in the disk 46 and 2, the'order in which segment links and flat links follow one another in the chain 66- Both these factors may represent an arbitrarily-chosen series of figures, consequentlythe resulting series ofsigns, substi tuted for the original one, will be composed of signs quite arbitrarily disposed as compared to their positions within the standard series'chosen.

Figs. 6 and 7 show an apparatus, by

means of which the change of a given series of signs is eifectuated' by using the very same series itself as one of the series determining the change; I V

On a main axle 70'a cylinder 7lis fixed,

on' which signs are'markedwiththe same disposition as; -onthe drum 2 in Figs.- 13."

resents On the same axle star-wheel 72 withj 'teeth approaching the form of a Maltese crossjis arranged in such a way, thatit may slide along, but not rotate independentlyof its axle. Two stud-wheels 7 and Q74; areplaced on axles 7 5 and 7 6 respectivelyin a enabling the star-wheel 72 to comeingear with either of them. The axle 75 carries a toothed wheel '77, in gear with'another toothed wheel 78 of the same size, fixed on the axle '76. r The wheel 78 further gears with a wheel 79 of double its sizeQfthelatter wheel revolving independently of its axle SO and carryinga ratchet 8 1 A spring 82 presses this ratchet against a' ratchet wheel 84 having two diametrically opposed teeth 83 (Fig. 7 for catching the ratchet 81.- On the axle 80 a toothed wheelj85 is also fixed, gearing with a toothed segment 86, formed onone end of a doublearmed lefver 87, which may swiiig about the main axle 70, the other arm of the lever being curved in U-shape running alongside the cylinder 71 (Fig. 6) to the other extremity of the main axle passing through it. The lever 87 has spring 88, keeping the lever, when the apparatus is not worked, in'the position marked by full lines in Fig. 7. If swinging into the position shown hyldottedlines'in Fig. 7, the lever will by means of the segment 86, turn the wheel 85 aswell as the axle S exactly half a revolution, the ratchet wheel 8% catching the ratchet 81, thus taking the wheel 7 9 around half a'revolution, whereby the gears 7 8 and 77 will be driven exactly one revolution. lhis willcause the star-wheel 72 to be turnedone tooth in either direction, depending upon its position on the axle 70, i. 6. its being in gear with the oneor the other of l the stud-wheels 73. and 74. When brought back by the spring 88 to the position shown by full lines in 7, the part8? will turn the axle 80 half a revolution in the opposite direction, and,'the ratchet 81 sliding on the circumference of the-wheel 84: without catching its teeth the wheels 79; 78 and 7 7 will remain in their positions;, The'sliding motion of the star-wheel 72 along its axle T0 is accomplished by me ans of an annular groove 89 in thenave of the wheel (Fig. (3) engaged by a guiding for]; 90. swingable on an ai'le 91. Onthis axle one end of another lever 92' isfixech: the other end of which carries a roller 93 in contact with the links of a chain 94efThis chain is of the same construction its links have approximately the same" shape as described in connection withthefchains 19 and v 66 (Figs. '15); some. links carrying protruding segments 95 and both kinds of links being alternatively disposed in a way to represent an arbitrarily chosen'seriesof figures, the resulting eifect of the chain 9& being also exactly the. same as gmentioned 65 regarding the chains 19 and 66: A prism :96, fixed on an'axle 97, driveslthe chain, this 'axIeDZ also "carrying". a fixed toothed wheelQSinfgearWith atoothed wheel 99, or half the size of the formerone, and fixed onfan axle 100. This axle by means of a bevel gea1"101',1f02 may be driven from the axle 80; To the iloevelfgear Wheel 102"is .fixed 'an arm or.'fsector103,"both parts revolyin gindependently;of the axle 80, the sector [I08 jcarrying a. ratchet 104C" and a spring: 105 pressing the ratchet against a ratchet.wheelrlOfiffixed'on theaxle 80 and having two diametrically opposed teeth'107 (Fig; tyre-r catching the ratchet. These teeth are fa cing the opposite direction Scorn- 'PttiftltQllllQSt mentioned in connection with t'he 'wheel' fi'li (Fig. 7) .When the sector endotpart 87 swings upwa'rd, the other end being pressed down, the ratchet 1'04: consequently Willslide on the circumference of the whecl106- without catchingits teeth, thusleavin'g the wheel 102 and the chainmc'chanisnis in their positions. "When part 87. is" swung bacl'c'byjthelspring 88, thesec toi-86 going down, thewh'eel 102 will be moved by m'eansbf arm or sector 103, the ratchet st and] the wheel 106, thus causing the gear 101, 99; 98 to turn the prism 96 the fourth part of revolution and bring anew link i'o-fthe chain in contact .withf'the roller 93. "Supposing this link to carry a segment 95,1parts 92, 91, 90 will'be brought into the position shownin Fig. ,c'ycqmp'ellin star whe'eh'l'fl to slide int'o "gear with the stud-wheel 73, thus compressing a springIOS (Figxfi) placed on "the axle 70. 1 between the star-wheel and thefcylinder'Z 1; If, at the next movement of the prism; a linkwith a segment is fol lowedby one without a segment, the spring 10Swillforce the star-wheel 72 out of gear with the "stud-wheel 73' and 7 into gear with the other-one M. Thuslthe direction '01:

thejrnovementof beater-when and cy1-' inder is deter: ined "by'thecha-i n 94". The working. of part 87" is obtained by pressing downikeys touches ;109,-' each 1 of which is marked with one sign out of "the standard series 'used in" the; rows "of signs the drum" 71. The touches are" guided by fixed parts 110, 111'}, and kept in their "highest positions by springs 112. To the touches ing e t:- over the 'part 87 and through an openin'gin a small screen 114. These screens are kept'in'jpositioni by a guiding part-115, running alongside the drum 71; They are circularly jcurved, thus permitting them 1 to slidealoii'g a circle somewhat' big'gerthan the circumference of the cylinden. "When ke'ptfin the position shownby fulllines in Fig. these screens {cover an"aperture"116 (Fig.7) in the cover of the'appar'a'tus; cor responding; to one longitudinal rowfyof signs on the drum 71. U 1

The apparatus shown. in Figs. 6 and 7 is used in the following way. One of the touches,.marked with the sign to be changed into another one, is pressed down. This causes the cylinder 71 to turn one step in the one or the other'direction and to show one sign. in the space left uncoveredby the vone screen .114, which slides down together with the key pressed. This sign uncovered is marked instead of the one in the button on the key, which latter is released. The spring 88' then influencing the part 87, a new link of the chain 94 will be brought forward and determine the direction of the movementof the cylinder, next time a button is pressed, carrying the second sign in the original series. A new sign will show inxtheunscreened place of the drum and so forth.

Evidently the series. of signs resulting and substituted forthe original one will be quite arbitrary as regards the order of the signs compared to their order within a standard series. It is also evident, that this arbitrary result will depend on two mutation series viz: 1, the original series of signs, being itself arbitrarily chosen, and 2, the arbitrary arrangement of the links of the chain 94;

Figs; 811 show another apparatus also utilizing the original series of signs as one of the mutation series. Instead of being marked on the buttons of' a key-board as in Figs. 6 and 7, the signs ofa standard series are marked on a ruler 118, sliding in the upper partof the cover 117 of the apparatus, and having at one end an opening 119,

being at the other end provided with a suitable handle 120. A string or band 122 is attached to an arm 121 fixed to one end of the ruler and led vover a roller 124 to another roller 123, around. which it is wound several turns and to which the end of the. string is fastened. Tothis roller 123 a clutch-coupling 125 is joined, by means of which a corresponding clutch secured to a toothed Wheel 127, may be turned in one direction independently of its axle 126. This wheel 127 gears with another toothed wheel 129 fixed on an axle 128.' The clutchlcoupling is kept ingear by a screw-spring 159 onthe axle .126- The dimensions of the toothed 118919127,; 129 and of the roller 123 are chosenso 'as'to cause the wheel 129 to be turned exactly one revolution, when the ruler 118 ismade to slide (to the left on the drawing) from the-position shown in Figs.

Sand '10 till its last sign (to the right) comes exactly under a pointer. 130 fixed to the upper partof the cover 117.

In order to wind-up the string122 again around theroller .123, a spiral spring 131 (or any similar contrivance) is attached to the roller, the spring being wound up, when the string is'wound oil, and vice versa A stud:

of a prism .138, and thus alternatively to turn this prism in opposite directions. The prism 138 drives an endless sheet 142, also led around four conducting prisms 141 as shown in Fig. 9. The sheet ismarked with the same signs as the ruler 118, disposed exactly in the same way as on the cylinders 2 (compare Figs. 1 and 2) or 71 (Figs. 6 and 7 The. sheet 142 is conducted closely under the ruler 118, thus permitting the signs on the sheet easily to be read through the aperture 119 in the ruler. The. length of the sheet, determined by the dimensions of the prism 138 and the number of transversal rows of signs, is such, that a new. row' will be brought just under. the ruler, each time the prismis turned an angle corresponding to one tooth of the star-wheels 139, 140. The alternative coming into gear of these wheels with the stud-wheels 132, 137 is regulated by a chain 145, constructed. in the same way as the chains 19, 66 and 94, already described. A couple'of prisms 143 and 144 serveto drive and guide the chain, the former one being fixed to. a toothed wheel 147 receiving its motion from a four times smaller wheel 149 on the same axle 148 as the conical wheel 134. The chain 145 influences aroller 150, carried by a sliding part 151, this part serving to keep the studwheel 137 inthe required position by means of its forked end which engages an annular groove 152 in the nave ofthe wheel and is connected by a rod 153 with another sliding 132 into gear with the star-wheel 139; 'When' the segmentlink moves out of contact with the roller 150T-and. is followed by a flat link, a screw spring 160, placed on the vrod 153, between the sliding part 154 and-any fixed. part (for-inst-ance.,.as inFig. 8, the bearing 161 of the'bevel gears 133135). will push pushed to the left in Fig.

the sliding parts; 151,v 1.5.4 together with the stud-Wheels 137, 132 back into the position shown in Fig. 8. 7

'Onthe. axle 128 carrying the wheelfl129 a catch-wheel 157' is fixed, which, in connection with a spring catch 158 will act as a brake to prevent the wheels 127, 129 from turning, when the string 122 is wound up on the roller 123 by the spiral spring 131.

The apparatus shown in Figs. 811 is used in the following way. First the ruler 118 is drawn out (to the left on the drawings) till its last sign comes just under the pointer 180, which causes the roller 123 to turn the axles 128, 136, by means of the clutch-arrangement 125 and the wheels 127, 129, eX- actly one revolution, that one of stud-wheels 132 and 137, which may occasionally be in gear, turning one of the star-wheels 139, 1&0 and the prism 138 one step in the one or the other direction, thus bringing a new row of signs on the sheet 142 just underneath the ruler 118. The ruler is then pushed back so far as to bring one of its signs corre sponding to the sign of the original series which is to be changed, just under the pointer 130. The sign then visible through the aperture 119 in the ruler is written down instead of the one of the original series. The ruler is then completely pushed back (as shown in Fig. 10) and the same manipulations are repeated for each following sign in the series to be changed.

The substitution of one sign for another by means of this apparatus will evidently also be the result of two mutation series working together, viz: 1, the arbitrary series of figures represented by the chain 145 and 2, the original series determining the different successive positions of the ruler 11.8 when reading off the result.

In order to make the apparatus shown in Figs. S11 as small as possible, it is advantageous to make use of the endless sheet 1&2, arranged as described, but evidently a cylinder, marked with signs according to Figs. 3 or 6, or a disk, marked with signs according to Fig. t, may be substituted for the endless sheet.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a device or apparatus for changing a series of signs of any length into another series of signs, the individual signs of which are arbitrarily displaced as compared to their positions within a chosen standard series, the combination of a sign supporting member adapted to be adjusted successively according to the successive signs of the original series, a second member cooperating with the first mentioned member to deter mine the signs to be substituted for the signs of the original series, and means for moving the said second member alternatively in either direction in accordance with a series of mutation, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a device or apparatus for changing a series of signs of any length into another series of signs, the individual signs of which are arbitrarily displaced as compared to their positions Within a chosen standard series, the combination of a sign supporting member adapted to be adjusted successively according to the successive signs of the original series, a second member movable stepwise in both directions and carrying in rows of signs advancing one step from row to row the signs of the standard series of signs chosen, and means for moving the said second member alternatively in either direction in accordance with a series of mutation, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a device or apparatus for changing a series of signs of any length into another series of signs, the individual signs of which are arbitrarily displaced as compared to their positions within a chosen standard series, the combination of a member carrying one set of the signs of the standard series chosen and adapted to be adjusted successively according to the signs of the original series of signs, a second member movable stepwise in both directions and carrying in rows of signs advancing one step from row to row the signs of the standard series chosen, a. driving device for the said second member capable of acting in both directions, and a third member representing a series of mutation and serving to control the direction of action of the said driving device, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

l. In a device or apparatus for changing a series of signs of any length into another series of signs, the individual signs of which are arbitrarily displaced as compared to their positions within a chosen standard series, the combination of a member carrying one set of the signs of the standard series chosen and adapted to be adjusted successively according to the signs of the original series of signs, a second member movable stepwise in both directions and carrying in rows of signs advancing one step from row to row the signs of the standard series chosen, a driving device for the said second member capable of acting in both directions, a third member representing a series of mutation and serving to control the direction of action of the said driving device, and means operatively connecting the said driving device with the first mentioned sign carrying member, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a device or apparatus for changing a series of signs of any length into another series of signs, the individual signs of which are arbitrarily displaced as compared to their positions within a chosen standard series, the combination of two sign carrying members cooperating with each other to give successively the signs to be substituted for the signs of the original series, one of bers, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. I In testimony whereof I have signed my name; inlpresenc of two subscribing Witnesses.

.ARVID GERI-IARD DAMM.

Witnesses:

ANN DELMAR, JOHN DELMAR,

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington. D. C. i 

